bcs-1.itrcweb.orgBioavailability of Contaminants in Soil: Considerations for Human Health Risk Assessment

ITRC Navigating this Website 1 Introduction 1 Introduction Overview 1.1 Using Bioavailability Information 1.2 Background 1.3 Definition of Terms 2 Regulatory Background 2 Regulatory Background Overview 2.1 Current Practices: Survey of State Regulators 3 Technical Background 3 Technical Background Overview 3.1 Soil Mineral Phases 3.2 Soil pH, Organic Matter, and Reactive Clay Minerals 3.3 Soil Particle Size 4 Decision Process 4 Decision Process Overview 4.1 Decision Process Flowchart 4.2 Is there a Method Available? 4.3 Could Bioavailability Assessment Affect the Remedial Decisions? 4.4 Do the Benefits of Bioavailability Assessment Justify the Costs? 4.5 Further Considerations 5 Methodology 5 Methodology for Evaluating Contaminant Oral Bioavailability Overview 5.1 In Vivo Approach 5.2 In Vitro Approach 6 Lead 6 Lead Overview 6.1 Fate and Transport 6.2 Toxicology and Exposure 6.3 Methodology for Quantifying RBA of Lead in Soil 6.4 When Does a Bioavailability Study Make Sense? 6.5 Case Studies 6.6 Using Bioavailability Methods to Evaluate Remedies (Bioavailability-Based Remediation) 7 Arsenic 7 Arsenic Overview 7.1 Fate and Transport 7.2 Toxicology and Exposure 7.3 Methodology for Evaluating Arsenic Bioavailability 7.4 When Does It Make Sense to Use Bioavailability? 7.5 Case Studies 7.6 Using Bioavailability Methods to Evaluate Remedies (Bioavailability Based Remediation) 8 PAHs 8 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Overview 8.1 PAH Sources and Exposure 8.2 General Toxicity of PAHs 8.3 Influences of Soil on Bioavailability of PAH 8.4 Methodology for Evaluating PAH Bioavailability 8.5 Dermal Absorption 8.6 Amendment Strategies and Permanence of Bioavailability 8.7 Case Study 9 Risk Assessment 9 Using Bioavailability Information in Risk Assessment Overview 9.1 Risk Calculations 9.2 Other Considerations and Limitations 10 Stakeholder Perspectives 10 Stakeholder Perspectives Overview 10.1 Stakeholder Concerns 10.2 Specific Tribal Stakeholder Concerns 10.3 Stakeholder Engagement 11 Case Studies 11 Case Studies Overview 11.1 Arsenic, Mining, CA 11.2 Arsenic, Pesticide, AR 11.3 Arsenic, Naturally occurring, UT 11.4 Arsenic, Smelter, AZ 11.5 Arsenic-contaminated tailings, OR 11.6 Lead, Industrial, Midwest US 11.7 PAH, Skeet targets, TX 11.8 Arsenic, Copper precipitation, UT 11.9 Arsenic, CCA wood preservative, CA 11.10 Arsenic, MGP coal ash, MI 11.11 Lead, Mining MT 11.12 Lead, Mining, MT 11.13 Lead, Smelter, UT Additional Information Review Checklist Appendix A: Detailed Survey Responses Appendix B: Chemical Reactions of Metals Acronyms Glossary Acknowledgments Team Contacts Document Feedback ITRC & Environmental Justice/Diversity Equity & Inclusion Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soil HOME This ITRC guidance describes how to integrate bioavailability information into the human health risk assessment to improve the decision-making process. Regulators, practitioners, and stakeholders will find help performing the following tasks: select and properly interpret site-specific bioavailability testing information understand the strengths and weaknesses of different in vivo and in vitro methods consider the factors for selecting the most appropriate approaches for a site-specific evaluation of bioavailability of contaminants in soil without compromising protection of human health use the appropriate tools to develop site-specific bioavailability values in human health risk assessment. If you are visiting this site for the first time please review the Introduction of this guidance. All users may find Navigating this Website helpful. Click here to view our most recently recorded web seminar via CLU-IN Published by the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, November 2017 Permission is granted to refer to or quote from this publication with the customary acknowledgment of the source. The suggested citation for this document is as follows: ITRC (Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council). 2017. Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soil : Considerations for Human Health Risk Assessment. BCS-1. Washington, D.C.: Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council, Bioavailability in Contaminated Soil Team. www.itrcweb.org. Print this page/section BCS web document BCS Glossary BCS References BCS Acronyms ITRC Contact Us About ITRC Visit ITRC ITRC on Social Media Permission is granted to refer to or quote from this publication with the customary acknowledgment of the source (see suggested citation and disclaimer ). This web site is owned by ITRC • 1250 H Street, NW • Suite 850 • Washington, DC 20005 • (202) 266-4933 • Email: [email protected] • Terms of Service , Privacy Policy , and Usage Policy ITRC is sponsored by the Environmental Council of the...